Richard, a professional hacker, was hired by a marketer to gather sensitive data and information about the offline activities of users from location data. Richard employed a technique to determine the proximity of a user's mobile device to an exact location using CPS features. Using this technique. Richard placed a virtual barrier positioned at a static location to interact with mobile users crossing the barrier, identify the technique employed by Richard in this scenario.

• A. Ceofencing
• B. Containerization
• C. Full device encryption
• D. Over-the-air (OTA) updates

Leo has walked to the nearest supermarket to purchase grocery. At the billing section, the billing executive scanned each product's machine-readable tag against a readable machine that automatically reads the product details, displays the prices of the individual product on the computer, and calculates the sum of those scanned items. Upon completion of scanning all the products, Leo has to pay the bill.
Identify the type of short-range wireless communication technology that the billing executive has used in the above scenario.

• A. QR codes and barcodes
• B. Near-field communication (NFC)
• C. QUIC
• D. Radio-frequency identification (RFID)

Kayden successfully cracked the final round of interviews at an organization. After a few days, he received his offer letter through an official company email address. The email stated that the selected candidate should respond within a specified time. Kayden accepted the opportunity and provided an e-signature on the offer letter, then replied to the same email address. The company validated the e-signature and added his details to their database. Here, Kayden could not deny the company's message, and the company could not deny Kayden's signature. Which of the following information security elements was described in the above scenario?

• A. Non-repudiation
• B. Confidentiality
• C. Integrity
• D. Availability

A global financial Institution experienced a sophisticated cyber-attack where attackers gained access to the internal network and exfiltrated sensitive data over several months. The attack was complex, involving a mix of phishing, malware, and exploitation of system vulnerabilities. Once discovered, the institution initiated its incident response process. Considering the nature and severity of the incident, what should be the primary focus of the incident response team's initial efforts?

• A. Implementing a communication plan to manage public relations and customer communication regarding the breach
• B. Isolating affected systems to prevent further data exfiltration and analyzing network traffic for anomalies
• C. Conducting a comprehensive system audit to identify all vulnerabilities and patch them immediately
• D. Notifying law enforcement and regulatory bodies immediately to comply with legal and regulatory requirements

Ryleigh, a system administrator, was instructed to perform a full back up of organizational data on a regular basis. For this purpose, she used a backup technique on a fixed date when the employees are not accessing the system i.e., when a service-level down time is allowed a full backup is taken. Identify the backup technique utilized by Ryleigh in the above scenario.

• A. Cold backup
• B. Hot backup
• C. Warm backup
• D. Nearline backup