Exam Criteria Breakdown

Students must display an understanding of the following topics during the 101-500 test and should be able to prove competence in them by completing several activities in each critical area. The list of the subject to master for the exam is as follows:

• Package Management and Linux Installation

  This section concerns designing hard disk layout, installing boot managers, and administering shared libraries. Performing package management using specific Debian tools, YUM, Zypper, and RPM are also the topics candidates must demonstrate knowledge of. Additionally, the exam will test students on their competency with the Linux guest system and the impact cloud computing and virtualization have on it.

• Linux Filesystems, Devices, and Hierarchy Standard for Filesystems

  Creating filesystems and partitions, maintaining their integrity, and controlling mounting and unmounting are the tested competencies for this domain. The candidate must know how to manage file ownership and permissions correctly, work with symbolic and hard links, including their creation and changing, and quickly find and move system files to their correct location.

• System Architecture

  This domain focuses on the skills one should have to determine and configure the fundamental elements of specific system hardware, perform system booting, change boot targets and runlevels, and more. Additional knowledge includes the management of SysVinit runlevel and system, among other topics.

• Unix and GNU commands

  The core testable component in this section is the command line with additional knowledge of using filters for processing text streams, handling basic file management, and utilizing redirects, pipes, and streams being crucial. Skills in basic process management, modifying process execution priorities, utilizing regular expressions in order to search text files, and basic file editing will also be assessed.

Topics of LPIC-1 Linux Administrator , 101-500 Exam

To know course content so that aspirants can prepare for exam is a must. LPIC-1, 101-500 exam will include following topics :

1. System Architecture

• Understanding of SysVinit and systemd.

• Tools and utilities to list various hardware information (e.g. lsusb, lspci, etc.).

• Enable and disable integrated peripherals.

• Shutdown and reboot from the command line.

• Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev and dbus.

• Determine and configure hardware settings

• Set the default runlevel or boot target.

• Differentiate between the various types of mass storage devices.

• Properly terminate processes.

• Determine hardware resources for devices.

• Boot the system

• Alert users before switching runlevels / boot targets or other major system events.

• Change between runlevels / boot targets including single user mode.

• Check boot events in the log files.

• Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time.

• Awareness of Upstart.

• Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS/UEFI to boot completion.

• Awareness of acpid.

• Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot system

• Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices.

2. Linux Installation and Package Management

• Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed).

• Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed.

• Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures.

• Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options.

• Understand common elements virtual machines in an IaaS cloud, such as computing instances, block storage and networking.

• Install a boot manager

• Manage shared libraries

• Knowledge of basic features of LVM.

• Interact with the boot loader.

• Awareness of cloud-init.

• Tailor the design to the intended use of the system.

• Understand how system images are used to deploy virtual machines, cloud instances and containers.

• Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from.

• Awareness of apt.

• Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting.

• Linux as a virtualization guest

• Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages.

• Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks.

• Understand Linux extensions which integrate Linux with a virtualization product.

• Load shared libraries.

• Identify shared libraries.

• Use RPM and YUM package management

• Identify the typical locations of system libraries.

• Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2.

• Understand the general concept of virtual machines and containers.

• Use Debian package management

• Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy.

• Understand unique properties of a Linux system which have to changed when a system is cloned or used as a template.

• Design hard disk layout

• Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM, YUM and Zypper.

• Awareness of dnf.

3. GNU and Unix Commands

• Process text streams using filters

• Use streams, pipes and redirects

• Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path.

• Usage of tar, cpio and dd.

• Know the default priority of a job that is created.

• Work on the command line

• Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command.

• Use regular expressions to delete, change and substitute text.

• Select and sort processes for display.

• Copy multiple files and directories recursively.

• Monitor active processes.

• Remove files and directories recursively.

• Search text files using regular expressions

• Perform basic file management

• Use the output of one command as arguments to another command.

• Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error.

• Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements.

• Understand the concepts of special characters, character classes, quantifiers and anchors.

• Understand and use vi modes.

• Change the priority of a running process.

• Configure the standard editor.

• Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.

• Navigate a document using vi.

• Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default.

• Signal a program to continue running after logout.

• Understand the differences between basic and extended regular expressions.

• Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands.

• Send signals to processes.

• Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line.

• Modify process execution priorities

• Use and edit command history.

• Run jobs in the foreground and background.

• Copy, move and remove files and directories individually.

• Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.

• Basic file editing

• Create, monitor and kill processes

• Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text in vi.

• Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables.

• Send output to both stdout and a file.

• Awareness of Emacs, nano and vim.

• Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.

4. Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

• Use of labels and UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems.

• Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS.

• Use links to support system administration tasks

• exFAT

• Manage MBR and GPT partition tables

• Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems

• Create and change hard and symbolic links

• Create links.

• Basic feature knowledge of Btrfs, including multi-device filesystems, compression and subvolumes.

• VFAT

• Manually mount and unmount filesystems.

• Monitor free space and inodes.

• Verify the integrity of filesystems.

• Maintain the integrity of filesystems

• Know how to change the file creation mask.

• Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.

• Use the group field to grant file access to group members.

• Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security.

• Identify hard and/or soft links.

• ext2/ext3/ext4

• Copying versus linking files.

• Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories.

• Manage file permissions and ownership

• Awareness of systemd mount units.

• XFS

• Repair simple filesystem problems.

• Find system files and place files in the correct location

• Use various mkfs commands to create various filesystems such as:

• Find files and commands on a Linux system.

• Configure user mountable removable filesystems.

• Configure filesystem mounting on bootup.

• Create partitions and filesystems

Who should take the LPIC-1 Linux Administrator , 101-500 Exam

The 101-500 exam's target audience is professionals who are looking forward to build their career in Linux system Administration domain. This exam is for:

• Linux System Administrator.
• System Administrator, Computer / Network.
• Systems Administrator.
• Cyber Security Engineer.

Reference: https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/lpic-1-overview

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